What chemical is often used in hair straightening treatments?

Sodium hydroxide is commonly used in hair straightening treatments, specifically in the form of relaxers. This strong alkaline chemical works by breaking the disulfide bonds in the hair's keratin structure, allowing the hair to change its shape from curly or wavy to straight. The process results in a drastic alteration of the hair's texture, which can last for an extended period after application.

Ammonium thioglycolate is also a potent chemical used in hair treatments, primarily for perming rather than straightening. Hydrogen peroxide is typically used as a bleaching agent or in hair coloring rather than for straightening. Ethanol, while used in various cosmetic formulations, does not have straightening properties and is more associated with preserving or as a solvent.

Understanding the specific use and effects of these chemicals is crucial for anyone in the cosmetology field, particularly when performing hair treatments that employ chemical processes.